Effects of methyl cellulose-based coating on physiochemical properties and chemical hazards of Chinese fried dough cake during storage

Coating has been used as a practical method to ensure the physiochemical properties and reduce the chemical hazard of fried foods. Methyl cellulose (MC) was used as a coating material to pretreat Chinese fried dough cake (CFDC) before frying. The results showed that the water content, hardness and L* value of the 1% MC coated sample were 31.67%, 848.54 g and 51.62, respectively, at the seventh day at 25 °C. Coating contents 1% MC could reduce the oil content, hardness, and extent of browning and improve the physiochemical properties of CFDC on 7 days of storage. Coating contents 1% MC also reduced the acid value, peroxide value, p-anisidine value, malondialdehyde content, 4-hydroxy-2-(E)-hexenal content, 4-hydroxy-2-(E)-nonenal content, acrylamide content and glycidyl ester content in CFDC on 7 days of storage. Our work contributes to the control of the oil content and chemical hazards for fried food during storage by applying an edible coating.     

可聚合甲基丙烯酰氧丙基磷酸酯的合成

以三氯氧磷、三乙胺、丙烯酸羟丙酯(HPA)等为原料,通过多步法合成了一种磷酸酯反应型乳化剂。实验对原料配比、反应时间、反应温度等进行讨论,得到最佳工艺条件,并用红外光谱对产品进行结构表征。结果表明,合成甲基丙烯酰氧丙基磷酸酯中间体,选择n(三氯氧磷)∶n(三乙胺)∶n(HPA)=1.1∶1.3∶1,反应时间为1.5h,反应温度为25℃,第二步水解反应温度0~15℃,水解物料比为n(中间体产物)∶n(三乙胺)∶n(水)=1∶1.4∶1.2时,最终产物收率最高,可达98.80%。     

Electroactive phases of poly(vinylidene fluoride): Determination,processing and applications

Poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVDF, and its copolymers are the family of polymers with the highest dielectric constant and electroactive response, including piezoelectric, pyroelectric and ferroelectric effects. The electroactive properties are increasingly important in a wide range of applications such as in biomedicine, energy generation and storage, monitoring and control, and include the development of sensors and actuators, separator and filtration membranes and smart scaffolds, among others. For many of these applications the polymer should be in one of its electroactive phases. This review presents the developments and summarizes the main characteristics of the electroactive phases of PVDF and copolymers, indicates the different processing strategies as well as the way in which the phase content is identified and quantified. Additionally, recent advances in the development of electroactive composites allowing novel effects, such as magnetoelectric responses, and opening new applications areas are presented. Finally, some of the more interesting potential applications and processing challenges are discussed.     

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP): A versatile and forceful tool for functional membranes

The progress in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) provides an effective means for the design and preparation of functional membranes. Polymeric membranes with different macromolecular architectures applied in fuel cells, including block and graft copolymers are conveniently prepared via ATRP. Moreover, ATRP has also been widely used to introduce functionality onto the membrane surface to enhance its use in specific applications, such as antifouling, stimuli-responsive, adsorption function and pervaporation. In this review, the recent design and synthesis of advanced functional membranes via the ATRP technique are discussed in detail and their especial advantages are highlighted by selected examples extract the principles for preparation or modification of membranes using the ATRP methodology.     

AP-P4/SDBS二元体系在石英砂上的吸附特性

针对AP-P4/SDBS聚表二元体系,选用不同浓度配方的聚表体系,在石英砂上展开静态吸附和动态滞留实验,研究聚表体系中各组分的吸附规律,考察了浓度、温度、矿化度对组分的吸附影响。结果表明,聚表二元体系中各组分在石英砂上的吸附符合Langmuir吸附模式,其中,SDBS表现为双分子层吸附、AP-P4表现为单分子层吸附特质。AP-P4与SDBS存在竞争吸附关系,SDBS的吸附量是AP-P4的20多倍。温度和矿化度升高,SDBS的吸附量增大。聚表二元体系中SDBS的动态滞留量小于其静态吸附量,而AP-P4的动态滞留量大于其静态吸附量。     

丙烯酸在石蜡微胶囊制备中的应用

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸(AA)和石蜡为原料,采用悬浮聚合法制备了石蜡/P(MMA-co-AA)相变储能微胶囊。研究了MMA与AA加入比例、油相与水相质量比等因素对石蜡微胶囊芯材含量等的影响,利用扫描量热仪(DSC)、电子显微镜(SEM)表征了所制备石蜡微胶囊的热性能、形貌等。结果表明:AA加入比例过大时,微胶囊易结块,不易形成微胶囊,微胶囊轮廓呈球形,其相变温度为27.21℃,相变潜热为81.58 J/g,芯材含量达到72.32%。     

有机硅低沸物研究进展

概述了有机硅低沸物的特点,介绍了国内外处理有机硅低沸物的主要方法：精馏法和再分配法,试图总结出适合工业化运用的处理有机硅低沸物的方法。     

柱前衍生-高效液相色谱法检测安立生坦的手性拆分剂L-脯氨酸甲酯

采用4-氯-7-硝基苯-2-（嗯）-1,3-二唑（NBD-Cl）作为柱前衍生试剂,建立了柱前衍生化-高效液相色谱法（HPLC）结合荧光检测器测定安立生坦合成过程中使用的手性拆分剂L-脯氨酸甲酯的方法.考察了衍生反应温度、时间、衍生试剂加入量、缓冲液pH对L-脯氨酸甲酯衍生反应的影响.结果表明,衍生反应优化条件为：反应温度60℃,反应时间60 min,衍生试剂加入量为每毫升反应体系中加入0.3 mg NBD-Cl,衍生反应缓冲液pH为9.0.同时对此方法进行了方法学验证,L-脯氨酸甲酯在0.625～7.5 μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,r=0.999 4;检测限为2.5×10-3μg/mL,定量限为7.5×10-3μg/mL;平均回收率为91.9％～ 106.4％;重复性实验中RSD为0.33％;此方法耐用性良好,L-脯氨酸甲酯样品溶液及衍生产物溶液体系稳定.此方法灵敏、简便、专属性强,能对安立生坦原料药中残留的杂质L-脯氨酸甲酯进行检测及定量分析.     

N-甲基氨基甲酸甲酯的合成

以1,3-二甲基脲(DMU)和碳酸二甲酯(DMC)为原料,采用不同酸碱催化剂在反应釜中合成N-甲基氨基甲酸甲酯(MMC)。结果表明,在相同的实验条件下二丁基氧化锡(DBTO)具有较高的催化活性。通过FTIR,1HNMR和13CNMR的分析,确认了目标产物MMC的结构。进一步研究表明,在DBTO为0.603 mmol,DMU为15.34 mmol,DMC为169.2 mmol,以反应物DMC为溶剂,反应温度423 K,反应时间为4 h的最佳条件下,MMC的收率可达99.96%。